The mean wingspan is around 283 cm (9 ft 3 in) and the wings have the largest surface area of any extant bird. The Andean condor is the largest living land bird capable of flight if measured in terms of average weight and wingspan, although male bustards of the largest species (far more sexually dimorphic in size) can weigh more. However, other sources claim a mean species body mass of 10.3 kg (23 lb) for the Andean condor. Condors possess the heaviest average weight for any living flying bird or animal, ahead of trumpeter swans ( Cygnus buccinator) and Dalmatian pelicans ( Pelecanus crispus). The mean weight is 11.3 kg (25 lb), with the males averaging about a kilogram more at 12.5 kg (28 lb), the females a kilogram less at 10.1 kg (22 lb). Measurements are usually taken from specimens reared in captivity. The overall length of the Andean condor can range from 100–130 cm (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 3 in). Presumed Plio-Pleistocene species of South American condors were later recognized to be not different from the present species, although one known only from a few rather small bones found in a Pliocene deposit of Tarija Department, Bolivia, may have been a smaller palaeo subspecies, V. Unlike the California condor ( Gymnogyps californianus), which is known from extensive fossil remains and some additional ones of congeners, the fossil record of the Andean condor recovered to date is scant. The Andean condor is the only accepted living species of its genus, Vultur. The South American Classification Committee has removed the New World vultures from Ciconiiformes and instead described them as incertae sedis, but notes that a move to Falconiformes or Cathartiformes is possible. More recent authorities maintain their overall position in the order Accipitriformes along with the Old World vultures or place them in their own order, Cathartiformes. Just how different the two families are is currently under debate, with some earlier authorities suggesting that the New World vultures are more closely related to storks. Although both are similar in appearance and have similar ecological roles, the New World and Old World vultures evolved from different ancestors in different parts of the world and are not closely related. The exact taxonomic placement of the Andean condor and the remaining six species of New World vultures remains unclear. The word condor itself is derived from the Quechua kuntur. Its specific epithet is derived from a variant of the Greek word γρυπός ( grupós, 'hook-nosed'). The generic term Vultur is directly taken from the Latin vultur or voltur, which means 'vulture'. The Andean condor is sometimes called the Argentinean condor, Bolivian condor, Chilean condor, Colombian condor, Ecuadorian condor, or Peruvian condor after one of the nations to which it is native. The Andean condor was described by Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae and retains its original binomial name of Vultur gryphus. Captive breeding programs have been instituted in several countries. It is threatened by habitat loss and by secondary poisoning from lead in carcasses killed by hunters. The Andean condor is considered vulnerable by the IUCN. The Andean condor is a national symbol of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru and plays an important role in the folklore and mythology of the Andean regions. It is one of the world's longest-living birds, with a lifespan of over 70 years in some cases. It reaches sexual maturity at five or six years of age and nests at elevations of up to 5,000 m (16,000 ft), generally on inaccessible rock ledges. It prefers large carcasses, such as those of deer or cattle. The condor is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carrion. The female condor is smaller than the male, an exception to the rule among birds of prey. In the male, there is a wattle on the neck and a large, dark red comb or caruncle on the crown of the head. The head and neck are nearly featherless, and are a dull red color, which may flush and therefore change color in response to the bird's emotional state. It is a large black vulture with a ruff of white feathers surrounding the base of the neck and, especially in the male, large white patches on the wings. It is generally considered as the largest bird of prey in the world. It has a maximum wingspan of 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) and weight of 15 kg (33 lb). Found in the Andes mountains and adjacent Pacific coasts of western South America, the Andean condor is the largest flying bird in the world by combined measurement of weight and wingspan. The Andean condor ( Vultur gryphus) is a giant South American Cathartid vulture and is the only member of the genus Vultur. Vultur fossilis Moreno & Mercerat, 1891.